Consumer Behavior Refers to the Selection, Purchase and...

Consumer behavior Consumer behavior refers to the selection, purchase and consumption of goods and services for the satisfaction of their wants. There are different processes involved in the consumer behavior. Initially the consumer tries to find what commodities he would like to consume, then he selects only those commodities that promise greater utility. After selecting the commodities, the consumer makes an estimate of the available money which he can spend. Lastly, the consumer analyzes the prevailing prices of commodities and takes the decision about the commodities he should consume. Meanwhile, there are various other factors influencing the purchases of consumer such as social, cultural, personal and psychological. The explanation†¦show more content†¦Therefore a need becomes a motive when it is more pressing to direct the person to seek satisfaction. †¢ Perception Selecting, organizing and interpreting information in a way to produce a meaningful experience of the world is called perception. There are three different perceptual processes which are selective attention, selective distortion and selective retention. In case of selective attention, marketers try to attract the customer attention. Whereas, in case of selective distortion, customers try to interpret the information in a way that will support what the customers already believe. Similarly, in case of selective retention, marketers try to retain information that supports their beliefs. †¢ Beliefs and Attitudes ------------------------------------------------- Customer possesses specific belief and attitude towards various products. Since such beliefs and attitudes make up brand image and affect consumer buying behavior therefore marketers are interested in them. Marketers can change the beliefs and attitudes of customers by launching special campaigns in this regard. READYMADE GARMENTS 1) Raymond’s 2) Van Heusen 3) Levis Strauss 4) Wrangler 5) Lee 6) Pepe Jeans 7) Wills Lifestyle 8) Westside 9) Spykar 10) BlackBerry This particular service is purchased or selected as it is the most important and basic necessity of our daily life. Clothes are required to human being on anShow MoreRelatedCustomer Satisfaction of Fast Food Chains5562 Words   |  23 Pages 5(13), pp. 5118-5126, 4 July, 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJBM DOI: 10.5897/AJBM10.870 ISSN 1993-8233  ©2011 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper A study on exploring the relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty in the fast food industry: With relationship inertia as a mediator Ching Chan Cheng1, Shao-I Chiu2, Hsiu-Yuan Hu3* and Ya-Yuan Chang4 Department of Food and Beverage Management, Taipei College of Maritime Technology, No.212, Yen PingRead MoreMarketing Management5475 Words   |  22 Pagesneed and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others. To explain this definition, we examine the following important terms: needs. wants, and demands; products: value and satisfaction; exchange; transactions. and relationships; and markets. There are many definitions of marketing. The better definitions are focused upon customer orientation and satisfaction of customer needs. Marketing is the social process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want throughRead MoreConsumer Behaviour Models and Consumer Behaviour in Tourism8170 Words   |  33 PagesConsumer Behavior Models in Tourism Analysis Study Muhannad M.A Abdallat, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Hesham El –Sayed El - Emam, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Faculty of Tourism and Archeology King Saud University ABSTRACT The theories of consumer decision-making process assume that the consumer’s purchase decision process consists of steps through which the buyer passes in purchasing a product or service. However, this might not be the case. Not every consumerRead MoreA More Descritv..8578 Words   |  35 PagesConsumer Behavior, 10e (Schiffman/Kanuk) Chapter 1 Consumer Behavior: Meeting Changes and Challenges 1) The behavior that consumers display in searching for, purchasing, using, evaluating, and disposing of products and services that they expect will satisfy their needs is known as ________. A) the production orientation B) consumer behavior C) narrowcasting D) positioning E) the marketing mix Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 5 Skill: Concept Objective: 1.1: Understand what consumer behaviorRead MoreConsumer Behaviour4800 Words   |  20 PagesA STUDY ON CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR OF MOBILE PHONES IN INDIA Synopsis of Introduction Consumer behavior refers to the mental and emotional process and the observable behavior of consumers during searching, purchasing and post consumption of a product or service. Consumer behavior involves study of how people buy, what they buy, when they buy and why they buy. It blends the elements from psychology, sociology, socio- psychology, anthropology and economics.Read MoreCore Principles of Marketing2173 Words   |  9 Pagespriciples of mar A. DEFINITION AND CORE CONCEPTS OF MARKETING MARKETING – social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they want through creating and exchanging products and value with others - managerial process of producing, pricing, distributing, and promoting products to satisfy the needs, wants and demands of their respective markets NEEDS – states of self – deprivation - natural elements designed for survival - anything requiredRead MoreConsumer Markets and Consumer Buyer Behavior1773 Words   |  8 PagesChapter 5 Consumer Markets and Consumer Buyer Behavior 1) ________ is never simple, yet understanding it is the essential task of marketing management. A) Brand personality B) Consumption pioneering C) Early adoption D) Buying behavior E) Understanding the difference between primary and secondary data 2) The consumer market is made up of which of the following? A) individuals who acquire goods or services for personal consumption B) households that purchase goods or services for personalRead MoreConsumer Behavior And Consumer Behaviour5800 Words   |  24 Pagesdifferent consumption patterns. The job of the marketer is to satisfy their needs, wants and preferences effectively. For a firm to survive and grow in this competitive era it is essential that marketers must fully understand the requirements of the customers and create products that give them value. Consumer behavior is the study of how individuals, groups, and organizations select, buy, use and dispose of goods, services, ideas, or experiences to satisfy their needs and wants. Consumer buying behaviorRead MoreAnalyzing the Pattern of a Consumers Personal Behavior3645 Words   |  15 PagesPortfolio Project: Personal Behavior Consumer Patterns Introduction A consumer, purchases various goods to satisfy their needs, and some considerations influence them to select a specific product or shop in preference to others. Therefore, consumer purchasing is complex, and there is a likelihood that physiological, psychological and sociological factors highly influence consumer purchasing. In addition, people hold beliefs and attitudes towards particular types of goods, brands of commodities andRead MoreDigital Marketing : The Utilization Of Electronic Media Essay1423 Words   |  6 Pageswithin this digital age. Digital marketing is the utilization of electronic media by the marketers to promote the products or services into the market. The main objective of digital marketing is attracting customers and allowing them to interact with the brand through digital media. This article focuses on the importance of digital marketing for both marketers and consumers. We examine the effect of digital marketing on the firms’ sales. Additionally the differences between traditional marketing and

Greek Architecture in Egypt - 3971 Words

Characteristics of Greek Architecture:- INTRODUCTION:- Instead of covering nearly every bit of space with ornament, as the Egyptians did, the Greeks selected only the best places for it, and thus gave it its proper effect. The decorations, especially the sculptures, were one of the chief features of a Greek temple. Besides their temples the Greeks built many theaters which may be studied from their ruins, but of their dwelling-houses almost nothing remains to us. The Greek style is noted for the repose, harmony, and proportion of its effect. These are terms we might use in speaking of a painting, but they relate to the composition of a building which is, in many respects, similar to the composition of a picture. In selecting his†¦show more content†¦The most important of the Ionic temples left to us is the Erechtheum at Athens. It differs from other temples in its irregularity. This makes it doubly interesting for it shows that although the Greeks nearly always adhered to one simple form, they could dispense with it when they wished. In the Erechtheum, they wished to provide for several shrines in one building, and under one roof. The irregularity they have made so beautiful and interesting that it is a wonder they did not repeat the idea many times in other structures. Its two colonnades of different designs, its remarkable north doorway, and the famous caryatid porch to the south are unsurpassed. Another temple, that of Artemis (Di ana) at Ephesus, was known as one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. THE GREEK CORINTHIAN ORDER:- This is the most ornate of the classical orders, and the most slender in its proportions. The capital is shaped somewhat like a bell inverted, and is adorned with rows of acanthus leaves. A great example of the, third, or Corinthian order is the monument of Lysicrates at Athens. Straight is the line of duty. Curved is the line of beauty Follow the one and it shall be; The other shall always follow thee. For such reasons, Greek architecture was called Intellectual. Where on the Aegean shore a city stands, Built nobly, pure the air and light the soil; Athens, the eye of Greece, mother of arts andShow MoreRelatedEssay about Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece903 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece† According to history there existed two of many important ancient civilizations that left a significant mark in the history of human development that even today leaves modern society in awe of its greatness. In spite of being distant civilizations, Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece share similarities and difference in terms of how they practiced religion,political structure, everyday life style, and how they built the monumental architectures that continued to amazeRead MoreRoman Architecture Essay1439 Words   |  6 PagesWhen one thinks of Roman architecture, many things come to mind, such as arches, columns, statues, and richly covered surfaces in marbles. One must stop to think that this empire, which gained power and influence in the first century BC, must have been influenced from the thousands of years of cultures preceding them in order to create their masterpieces of ingenuity. This phenomenon can be seen in our borrowing of ideas of ancient Greece and Rome for the construc tion of our capitol buildings inRead MoreEgypt And Mesopotamia917 Words   |  4 PagesArchitecture in Egypt and Mesopotamia When you think about ancient architecture, what questions arise? 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Another reason I chose the Laocoon Group is because I also believe it can be viewed to represent not only the struggle of Troy but the struggles up to this point in time outside of as well as within Greece. I believe the main purpose of this statue and many like it is to inspire the Greek people and remind them that theyRead MoreAccording to the modern researchers, the Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations likely seem very1200 Words   |  5 Pagesmusic, arts , religion, writing, and literature.They both developed at the same time . However, they differed in important and some different ways, especially in terms of culture, politics, religion, art and architecture. Also, they have the geography which is their located differently. Egypt lies on the fertile Nile River valley , and desert around it.The Nile river have effect to Egyptians culture, it gave a rich natural fertilizing elements that helped Egyptian to grow plants. Also, EgyptianRead Morehis112 r3 Ancient Civilizations and the Greek World Matrix1457 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿University of Phoenix Material Ancient Civilizations and the Greek World Matrix Complete the matrix by entering cultural, political, and economic developments that had lasting effects or that are significant of each civilization. The table includes one example. Civilization Cultural Developments Political Developments Economic Developments Mesopotamian Developed the beginnings of astronomy and mathematics Believed in many gods not just one. Emergence of Kings, exercised distinct political ratherRead MoreGreek Culture and its Influences Today Essay1160 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Greek civilization is alive; it moves in every breath of mind that we breathe; so much of it remains that none of us in one lifetime could absorb it all.† Ancient Greeks are known to be one of the greatest and most advanced people and have left behind a legacy that helped define the Western civilization. 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Ultra Violet Eye free essay sample

This powerfulsSan Francisco grunge band, despite having had only one EP of their own, is quickly taking the music world by storm. Theyve appeared on several compilations, including Every Band Has a Shonen Knife Who Loves Them and the soon-to-be-released benefit album, My Parents Rioted in L.A. And All I Got Was This Stupid Tape, produced by yours truly. U.V. Eyes demo tape starts off with a wrenching rendition of their song, What Am I Going To Do With My Life?, an excellent track to show off singer Jeff Charrouxs manic vocal style. The live version of Dysfunctional Families is good in this respect also, even more so perhaps because you can understand the sarcastic lyrics: Theres a brand new term that displaces the blame my parents split up and I was never the same I hid all my pain in a Wonder-bread life became a failure cuz my family didot work right. We will write a custom essay sample on Ultra Violet Eye or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By far, the catchiest song on the tape is Gidget (C.B. Good Buddy Industrial Mix), their cover of the theme song to everybodys favorite 60s sitcom, a track that rivals Pearl Jam and Alice in Chains in terms of pure power. The distorted tones and simple backup rhythms are quickly rounded out by two versions, live and studio, of Water It Down, their most pop-like song and the one most likely to be heard on a radio station, even one claiming to be Alternative. You wont find them on MTV, and youre not likely to find them in many tape stores in the area, but rest assured, when their first full-length album comes out, Ultra Violet Eye will be a musical force to be reckoned with. n

Kansas City Zephyrs Essay Example

Kansas City Zephyrs Essay Refer to the Kansas City Zephyrs reading from earlier in the week. For each of the 5 areas in dispute, answer the following: Who is right? Why? Submit your answers in your own Word document by the end of Week 1. Bill Ahem was asked to be an arbitrator in a major dispute regarding profitability between the Owner-Player Committee (OPC, the representatives of the owners of the 26 major League baseball teams in collective bargaining negotiations) and the Professional Baseball Players Association (PBPA, the players union). Baseball Accounting Dispute The players felt they should share in the teams profits while the owners maintained that most of the teams were actually losing money each year so there would be no profits to be shared with the players. The OPC were asked to produce financial statements to support their position that most of the Baseball teams were actually losing and not making profits but the PBPA, who had examined the owners statements, claimed that the owners were hiding profits through a number of accounting tricks and that the statements did not accurately reflect the economic reality. Ahern would need to review both parties’ information and make a decision on the profitability issue. His decision was important because it would affect the ongoing contract negotiations, particularly in the areas of minimum salaries and team contributions to the players pension fund. After meeting with the OPC and the PBPA, Aherns task was to review the Zephyrs financial statements, hear the owners and players arguments, and then reach a decision as to the profitability to focus on the finances of the Kansas City Zephyrs Baseball Club, Inc. We will write a custom essay sample on Kansas City Zephyrs specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Kansas City Zephyrs specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Kansas City Zephyrs specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Both sides agreed this team’s operations were representative, relatively clean, a simple example to study, not owned by another corporation, and it did not own the stadium the team played in so private financial data would have to be revealed because the corporation was publicly owned. Who is right? At this point it is very premature to say who is correct. The PBPA does have a right to ask for an investigation into the OPC’s financial statements if they believe that the owners are in fact making a profit and believe they should get a part of it. Why? The players are the reason the fans attend the games and spend their money on tickets and concessions, if the owners are making more of a profit than what they are claiming on their financial statements the players should have a right to also get a cut of the profits. Major League Baseball Major league baseball in the United States is comprised of a number of components bound together by sets of agreements and contractual relationships. At the heart of major league baseball are 26 major league teams and each team operates as an independent economic unit, responsible for contracting their own players, promoting games, selling tickets, arranging for the use of a stadium and other needed facilities and services, and negotiating local broadcasting of games. The teams would then join together to establish common rules and playing schedules, and to stage championship games making the business of most teams limited exclusively to their major league activities. Most teams are organized as partnerships or privately held corporations; very few are subunits of larger corporations making the individual teams relatively small with annual revenues between $20 million and $30 million. Each team maintained an active roster of 24 players during the playing season, plus 16minor league players on option, who might see major league action during the season bringing the total to 40 players on major league contracts for each team at any one time. Each team played a schedule of 162 games during the season, 81 at home and 81 away. Collectively, the team owners established most of the regulations that governed the industry. The covenant that bound them was the Major League Agreement (MLA), to which was attached the Major League Rules. The rules detailed all the procedures the clubs agreed on, including the rules for signing, trading, and dealing with players. The commissioner also dministered the Major Leagues Central Fund, under which he negotiated and received the revenues from national broadcast contracts for major league games. About one-half of the funds revenues were passed on directly to the teams in approximately equal shares. Within the overall structure of major league baseball, the 26 teams were organized into two Leagues each with its own president and administration. The leagues were financed through a small percentage share of club ticket revenues and receipts from the World Series and pennant championship games. Through Player Development Contracts, the major league teams agreed to pay a certain portion of their affiliated minor league teams operating expenses and player salaries. Who is right? There needs to be an organization and coordination of the teams which is what the leagues are formed to do. If the teams agree to follow the MLA there should be no discrepancies with contracts and questions on how the fund’s revenues are passed to teams in approximately equal shares. Why? If the fund’s revenues are passed to the teams correctly, both owners and players should have a similar interpretation of how the financial statements are broken down. The difference between the Zephyrs owners and players financial statements came out to approx. $317,000 from 1984 to 1983. Meeting with the Zephyr’s Owners Ahern met with the Zephyrs owners representatives who presented him with the teams financial statements for the years 1983 and 1984. The current owner was a corporation with five major shareholders, which bought the team on November 1, 1982, for $24 million. The Zephyrs did not own any of their minor league teams or their stadium, but two of the Zephyrs owners were part owners of the private corporation that owned the baseball stadium. Ahern met with Keith Strong, the owners lawyer who went over the team’s financial statements for the years 1983 and 1984. * The controversial issues pending with the owner’s financial statement were the following: * Explaining the players salaries expense entries to which Strong answered the total player salaries expenses on the 1984 income statement totaled 10,097,000 with most of the expense represents cash outflows in 1984. Strong explained that they agreed to defer a portion of their highest paid players for 10 years which would help the players save on taxes and provides them with some income after their playing days are over. * The non-roster guaranteed contract expense to which Strong explained was also a player salary expense broken down separately because the salaries are paid to pla yers who are no longer on the active roster. The non-roster salaries are amounts the team owes players whom were released and still had long-term guaranteed contracts. The financial statement showed an amount of $750,000 still owed at the end of 1984 to two players: * Joe Portocararo, a veteran pitchers who signed a four-year guaranteed contract last year suffered a serious injury before the season started and between the player and the team it was jointly decided it was best he retire. * U. R. Wilson was released during spring training with hopes that another team would pick him up and pay his salary, but none did. * Roster depreciation expense to which Strong explained when the team was bought in 1982, 50 percent of the purchase price ($12 million) was designated as the value of the player roster at that time which was capitalized and is being amortized over six years. 50% is the maximum percentage that the Internal Revenue Code will allow for amortization when purchasing a sports team. When asked if there was anything else in the statements that the players disputed Strong replied that the rest of their accounting was very straightforward with most of their revenues and expenses result directly from a cash inflow or outflow. * Strong wanted to clarify that regarding baseball finances in general, it is thought that teams generate huge profits but the rules and regulations governing the clubs comprising the league are essential to the creation of the league as an entity an d have virtually nothing to do with pricing policies of the individual clubs. The objective of the cooperative agreements is not to constrain the economic competition among them, but rather to create the league as a joint venture that produces baseball during a season of play. Without such rules of conduct, leagues would not exist. Who was right? The owner’s explained in details why the broke down the player’s salaries expenses, roster depreciation and defended their accounting stating that they follow the rules of conduct imposed to them by the leagues. Why? The owner’s interpretation of their financial statement breakdown sounded very straight forward without any hidden agendas. The owner’s believe that deferring a portion of the player’s salary is a long term investment plan for the player to fall back onto after he is out of the game, the non-roster guarantee expenses were dues to players that could not fulfill their contracts due to disability or cut from the team (the team still honored their salary contracts), roster depreciation was explained by 50% of the purchase price designated as the value of the player roster at the time it was capitalized and amortized over six years. Meeting with the players Ahren then met with the PBPA representatives and their lawyer, Paul Hanrahan to go over their financial statements for the same years, 1983 and 1984. * The PBPA’s income statements were very similar to those of the owners except for a few items: * The players version of the financial statements showed profits before tax of $2. 9 million for 1983 and $3. 0 million for 1984 as compared to the losses of $2. 4 million and $2. 6 million on the owners statements. * Explaining player salary expenses, Hanrahan believes the owners overstate player expense in several ways. One is that they expense the signing bonuses in the year theyre paid. The players feel the bonuses are just a part of the compensation package, and that for accounting purposes, the bonuses should be spread over the term of the players contract. Information was gathered on the bonuses paid in the last four years and the contract terms, adjusted to the owners income statements by removing the bonuses from the current r oster salary expense and by adding an amortization of bonuses line. The net effect of this one adjustment on 1984, for example, was an increase in income of $373,000. The PBPA believes that it is safe to assume that even if the owners have really paid out all the bonuses in cash, and there is no guarantee that the players will complete their contracts, the number of players who do not complete their contracts is very small, and they think it is more meaningful to assume that they will continue to play over the term of their contract. * Second adjustment made to the players salary line was to back out the eferred portion of the total compensation. Many of the players, particularly those who are higher paid, receive only about 80% of their salaries in any given year. They receive the rest 10 years later so the PBPA feels that since the team is paying this money over a long period of time, it is misleading to include the whole amount as a current expense. This adjustment increased the 1984 income for the Zephyrs by $1,521,000. No salary expense deferred from prior years was added back in because that form of contract is a relatively recent phenomenon. The contract states very clearly that the player is to receive, say, $500,000, of which $100,000 is deferred to the year 1984. The team has paid only $400,000 in cash some teams set money aside and recognize that amount as a current expense but the Zephyrs dont set any money aside. * Non-Roster adjustments to the players salaries due to players who are no longer on the roster should be recognized when the cash is paid out, not when the players leave the roster. Unless that is done, the income numbers will vary wildly depending on when these players are released and how large their contracts are. Furthermore, it is quite possible that these players contracts will be picked up by another team, and the Zephyrs would then have to turn around and recognize a large gain because the liability it has set up would no longer be payable. * Roster depreciation. When asked why the player’s financial statement did not have roster depreciation Hanrahan replied that the PBPA feel it gives numbers that arent meaningful. The depreciation expense arises only when a team is sold, so one can have two identical teams that will show dramatically different results if one had been sold and the other had not. They dont think the depreciation is real because most of the players actually improve their skills with experience, so if anything, there should be an increase in roster value over time, not a reduction as the depreciation would lead you to believe. * Related-party transactions-The PBPA listed Stadium Operations at about 80% of what the owners charged. Two of the Zephyrs owners are also involved with the stadium corporation and are the sole owners of that stadium company which leads the PBPA to think that the stadium rent is set to overcharge the team and help show a loss for the baseball operations. This was researched with what other teams pay for their stadiums. Every contract is slightly different, but it is assumed that two of the five shareholders in the team are earning a nice gain on the stadium-pricing agreement. The objective is to look at all these related-party transactions if baseballs true position is to be fairly stated. The overall effect of all these adjustments we have made to the Zephyrs income statements changes losses to profits. In 1984, the change is from a loss of $1. 7 million to a profit of $1. 4 million. * In the labor negotiations, the owners keep claiming that theyre losing money and cant afford the contract terms which the PBPA feels are fair. The PBPA feels the owners are losing money only because they have selected accounting methods to hide their profits Who is right? The players version of the financial statements showed profits before tax of $2. 9 million for 1983 and $3. 0 million for 1984 as compared to the losses of $2. 4 million and $2. 6 million on the owners statements. The players believe that the owners were holding back information on how much they truly owned in stadium shares and hiding their profits by setting their stadium rent and overcharging the team in order to show a loss for the baseball team operations. Why? Players feel the owner’s overstated the player’s salaries. Information was gathered on the bonuses paid in the last four years and the contract terms, adjusted to the owners income statements by removing the bonuses from the current roster salary expense and by adding an amortization of bonuses line making this one adjustment on the financial statement 1984, for example, an increase in income of $373,000. The PBPA believes that it is safe to assume that even if the owners had really paid out all the bonuses in cash, and there is no guarantee that the players will complete their contracts, the number of players who do not complete their contracts is very small, and they think it is more meaningful to assume that they will continue to play over the term of their contract. Many of the players, particularly those who are higher paid, receive only about 80% of their salaries in any given year. They receive the rest 10 years later so the PBPA feels that since the team is paying this money over a long period of time, it is misleading to include the whole amount as a current expense. This adjustment increased the 1984 income for the Zephyrs by $1,521,000. They dont think the depreciation is real because most of the players actually improve their skills with experience, so if anything, there should be an increase in roster value over time, not a reduction as the depreciation would lead you to believe. Bill’s decision/Final conclusion Hearing both sides of story has opened up more questions regarding whose interpretation of which financial statement is the correct one. The owners outline what they believe is a fair player salary program that looks out for the player long term (regardless if they stay with the team or not) but do not state that the two of the Zephyrs owners are also involved with the stadium corporation and are the sole owners of that stadium company Two of the Zephyrs owners are also involved with the stadium corporation and are the sole owners of that stadium company making it a little questionable on if the profits belong to the Zephyr’s owners or the team. The player’s had good points on their adjustments to the player’s salary and bonus breakdown so that the numbers now look positive instead of at a loss. In conclusion it will have to come down to which interpretation follows the Baseball Leagues rules and if the Zephyr’s owners are subject to disclose any private ownership of stadiums when disclosing team related financial statements.

Risk Management Plan Travel

Risk Management Plan Travel Trip Overview and Description Travel is a popular activity and involves visiting of variety of sites and participation in an assortment of activities. Due to the varied nature of terrain and risk involved with some activity it is essential to plan adequately prior to the excursion.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Risk Management Plan: Travel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In line with this one of the most important activities to undertake prior to departure is to prepare an overview of the trip and highlight some of the expected activities (Stellin 2006). This is mainly important due to the fact that it helps in reaching the desired destination. This overview and description requires that some research is undertaken by the organizer of the trip prior to making travel arrangements. In case the party is undecided on a destination it is necessary to consider the goals of the trip and visit websites which can be very h elpful in identifying a suitable destination (Stellin 2006). Important aspects to consider include weather patterns and peak seasons. This will play a major role in deciding on methods of travel and weighing potential losses or gains from alternatives (Stellin 2006). Other necessary considerations include holidays and significant events within the locality. In addition to that high and low seasons are often accompanied with changes in prices and will have an influence on the budget and as such must be researched and mentioned in an overview. In addition to the above points it has been mentioned that a glimpse at government sites may be helpful to see the authority’s position in regard to your proposed destination (Stellin 2006). Information that may be gleaned from government include terror alerts, penalties for drug possession, medical requirements, traffic and road conditions, aviation standards and potentially useful information on banking and scams, etc. It is also crucia l to provide information on age demographics in relation to the trip to ensure appropriate participants are sought.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Leadership Before embarking on any outdoor activity it is essential to identify a leader for the proposed excursion. The main reason for this is due to the fact that should an emergency arise taking apposition of responsibility is potentially frightening. To avert such a situation it is best to select an effective, capable and trained individual to take on such a role beforehand (Barton 2007). The leader will take charge during an emergency where a democratic approach to solving the problem may lead to catastrophe. For this reason it is clear that the leader must possess some qualifications suitable for the role. The main role of the leader is to handle an emergency situation with as much concentration and focus as po ssible and avoid the distraction caused by panic (Barton 2007). It is suggested that though hands on involvement is useful, whenever possible a leader should delegate duties and create a sense of involvement. This allows the leader to focus on their key responsibility which is making good decisions and avoiding bad choices. It has been mentioned that the quality and experience of the leader can have major role to play in the safety and success of outdoor activity. The staff where available and leaders of outdoor activity are undoubtedly the most major influence on safety in any outdoor activity (Barton 2007). For this reason it is recommended that the leader is selected keeping these key traits in mind as opposed to the group disposition. Trip Itineraries In an outdoor activity the itinerary is the overall plan of how the activity will be carried out. It includes time for each activity, expected routes and a variety of information on the activity. The importance of the itinerary thu s grows based on the duration for the proposed trip or activity (Redmond, Foran Dwyer, 2010). A short trip such as a day hike on a well marked trail may not require much work as everyone knows where they are going. However, for a longer excursion a detailed itinerary detailing the specifics such as the size of the party, departure time and return time is crucial to manage safety for larger parties on longer excursions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Risk Management Plan: Travel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such an itinerary should include the number of people in the party, their expected time of departure and return. In addition to that the equipment taken for the activity and the persons in charge of this equipment may need to be logged as well (Redmond, Foran Dwyer, 2010). On completion of the trip any changes in the itinerary can be used to form queries that may be the solution to an emergency that had tak en place earlier in the day. Maps and information about the region can be very useful and increase interest in the trip when included in the itinerary (See Appendix A B). It is advised to leave the itinerary with a responsible individual who can contact emergency services should there be a need for that (Redmond, Foran Dwyer, 2010). For example if on an outdoor hiking trip the itinerary could be handed to the ranger in charge of the park or attendant in charge (Redmond, Foran Dwyer, 2010). This document is also useful in estimating aspects such as walking pace to maintain during the excursion. In addition to that it is useful in planning various sections of the trip such as rest stops where the group can catch their breath while the leader checks whether the party navigation is on track (See Appendix C). Equipment During the management of outdoor activities equipment is crucial to the success and even the completion of various activities. For this reason in planning an outdoor ac tivity it is necessary to carry out a needs assessment to evaluate whet the program requires (Walker Seidler, 1993). This needs assessment involves an overview of the situation and makes considerations such as whether the program is new or existing. It is also crucial to consider if the activity is intended to be done for recreation or competitively (Walker Seidler, 1993). This is evident due to the fact that the needs for an elementary school will vary greatly when compared with those of a college. In making consideration on equipment to be used for the proposed activity it becomes important to consider the space available for this activity. This is because most equipment comes with directions on the space requirements for optimal operation. Lack of adherence to the considerations therefore renders the installation of such facilities unsafe (Walker Seidler, 1993).Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition to the above considerations it is clear that the desired activity will influence the selection and purchase of equipment. Alongside this comes the health and safety of participants involved. It goes without saying that the equipment chosen must first and foremost promote the safety of the participants for it to be considered suitable (Walker Seidler, 1993). Water Sources and Treatment It has been reported that the presence of large volumes of water is often regarded a fundamental requirement for outdoor recreation (Jenkins Pigram, 2003). This occurs for two reasons namely, the water acts as a medium for recreation or to enhance the appeal of the recreational setting. This position in relation to water lets us know that adequate consideration should be given to the water used in these settings. The activities undertaken in water include diving, snorkeling and other deep sea activities as well as rafting, canoeing and fishing which are more common in river waters (Jenkin s Pigram, 2003). Due to the widespread appeal of water for recreation there has been a surge in usage that has led to situation where water quality is lowered and thus unsuitable for outdoor activity. This is especially due to the fact that for activities such as fishing the quality and quantity of water play a major role in popularity (Jenkins Pigram, 2003). In addition to the above considerations it has been mentioned that in outdoor activities it is crucial to treat any water taken from unprotected sources (Muller, 2003). This arises due to the fact that such water which is available in these circumstances can cause illness and as such remedial action is necessary. In addition to that it is advisable to practice proper hygiene in outdoor activities (Muller, 2003). Untreated water comes with potentially harmful micro organisms such as Giardia which if ingested can cause serious medical problems to an individual (Muller, 2003). Such organisms are introduced to the water due to an imal activity or sewerage that seeps into the water from nearby settlements. For this reason it is advisable to purchase pills used for water purification prior to visiting these areas. Weather Related Information It is important that during any outdoor activity the collection of information is carried out as an ongoing process (Dickson Gray, 2012). Information such as predictions on weather patterns can be a major factor in relation to safety of outdoor activities. For this reason it is essential to update the party in relation to most current weather prior to embarking on an excursion while taking time to consult on any expected changes in weather (Dickson Gray, 2012). In this regard it has been observed that the internet and mobile technology has played a significant role in averting potential crisis (Dickson Gray, 2012). Due to this technology it is now possible to view live radar images and examine river height gauges within minutes as opposed to hours in the past. Some info rmation that may be relevant includes the expected temperatures, water levels in rivers and wind related information (See Appendix D). However, despite the advances in technology it has been observed that communicating weather information may at times be difficult due to remoteness. In such instances it has been suggested that good knowledge of the locale may prove useful in the outdoor activity (Dickson Gray, 2012). Transportation This aspect forms a significant part of the budget allocated for any outdoor activity (Harrison, 2012). For this reason a properly planned outdoor activity will require the analysis of various options for transportation. In this regard some considerations to make will include the type of vehicles, whether to lease or outsource transport another company, among other considerations. The age demographics of the group also play a role in selection of appropriate mode of transport for the activity. It is important to keep in mind that there are significant ri sks and legal implications to be considered in relation to transportation. The individual in charge must confirm efficiency and safety standards offered by any proposed contractor (Fulbrook, 2005). The distribution of routes and scheduling of transport must also be carefully coordinated and any changes quickly communicated to other members of the transportation unit. This is believed to be a sure way to minimize disorder and lack of satisfaction during the activity. Rules and Regulations In many outdoor activities there is a significant degree of risk involved which with the guidance of an experienced guide can be overcome. However, in certain instances there may arise occasions when due to unforeseeable circumstances an injury or accident occurs. It is reported that many times this occur due to lack of adherence to the laid down rules and regulations (Harrison, 2012). In order to avoid any subsequent legal actions that could come about it is considered wise to provide a document co ntaining the rules and regulations that will govern the trip and potential risks involved. In instances where such a document is produced and signed by participants, the organizer or individual in charge can be considered legally protected from legal action. This however does not imply that negligence is tolerated but acts as a barrier to protect the organizer from unfair legal actions (Harrison, 2012). Risk Assessment and Management In operating a successful outdoor program one of the major tasks is the evaluation and management of risks. The identification of risks involved can be achieved by using four specific categories namely field, operational, financial and strategic risks (Harrison, 2012). Field risks include environmental hazards such as flash floods. Operational risks include poorly managed equipment and inappropriately trained staff. Financial risks include unexpected financial losses due to increased expenditure during seasonal changes. Strategic risks include issues th at may arise due to lack of vision and foresight (Harrison, 2012). Once all the potential risks have been identified it is important to categorize them based on their likelihood to provide a clear picture of issues that need to be tackled (See Appendix E). Based on the picture presented it becomes easier to identify strategies to counter these potentially risky situations (Harrison, 2012). This process and the strategies identified form the organization’s risk management program and should be embraced within the organization as part of organizational culture (Harrison, 2012). Among the important aspects that may be included in such a program include possible additional training that should be given to staff. In addition to that it is crucial to identify and prepare material that needs to be shared with participants prior to the activity. Emergency Action Plan It should be noted that an emergency action plan (EAP) is a very essential component of any outdoor activity. There is no standard EAP for all outdoor activities based on the fact that facilities, communities, resources and communication facilities available vary a great deal (Moffitt, 2011). In addition to that the plan should be distributed t relevant personnel and participants as an invisible EAP is worthless. The EAP should include guidelines to be followed in various scenarios such as fires and other emergency situations. It must include guidelines on the evacuation routes and procedures to be followed in the event of an emergency (Moffitt, 2011). Such a plan should also include telephone numbers of hospitals and medical facilities close by to assist with casualties and other medical related issues (See Appendix F). As is seen in the appendix the document is a detailed writing that categorizes risks and clearly defines response to the risks within the organization. It also provides information on the staff in charge in case of an emergency and the training received for the situation (CDC, 2004 ). Contingencies Just as with any activity there is a need for some preparatory actions made to handle unexpected situations in business. For example, a camping site may be prepared to accommodate twenty tents but due to circumstances be forced to deal with twenty five tents suggesting an unexpected increase in the size of the party. These situations call for an alternative plan in place to handle such scenarios (Martin, 2006). In addition to such circumstances contingency planning should cater for activities that can be undertaken when weather interrupts or causes postponement of one activity in the itinerary. Such planning ensures participants are kept engaged and receive and experience worth their while. Miscellaneous In addition to all the above mentioned plans and guidelines there is still need to cater for additional requirements that may arise in the course of outdoor excursions. An example of this occurs where a member of the visiting party is accompanied by an aged person o r a young infant. In such cases the organization will need to have prepared or arranged to acquire some equipment such as safety seats for babies or wheel chairs to cater for senior citizens. To provide a memorable and efficient outdoor trip there is no limitation to the extent of preparation necessary. It is not uncommon to find that the more prepared organization attracts more clientele simply as a result of this. References Barton, B. (2007). Safety, risk and adventure in outdoor activities. London: Paul Chapman Publishing. Breckenridge. Sample Itineraries (n.d.). Retrieved from boec.org/programs/professional-team-building-retreats/sample-itineraries/ CDC. Emergency Action Plan. (2004). Retrieved from https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=vq=cache:lPZpfBXizoEJ:www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2004-101/emrgact/emrgact.doc+emergency+action+plan+samplehl=engl=kepid=blsrcid=ADGEESimoLwdaHAJZ5Drvtz7uVHmkBjZ5VaPbtqYwV9KHzpak1KRiZW7ZJ3VnUNeC_ZsuK9XznQ9ZKEG8D7Se47MrjYTstaa5n2S6ZYV_CL2m71aLxRRmXWmTQMc6q gwTvC2P9g3svFdsig=AHIEtbRx0MVkSuDJkVcNVX0Wn3NXCc-a7w Cyborlink. China Business Etiquette, Culture, Manners. (2012). Retrieved from cyborlink.com/besite/china.htm Dickson, T., Gray, T. (2012). Risk Management in the Outdoors: A Whole-of-Organization Approach. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. Fulbrook, J. (2005). Outdoor activities, negligence and the law. Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing Company. Harrison, G. (2012). Outdoor Program Administration: Principles and Practices. Printed in the USA: Sheridan Books. Jenkins, J., Pigram, J. (2003). Encyclopedia of Leisure and Outdoor Recreation. London: Routledge. Martin, B. (2006). Outdoor Leadership: Theory and Practice. Printed in the USA: Human Kinetics. Moffitt, J. (2011). Day Camp Programming and Administration: Core Skills and Practices. Muller, J. (2003). The Colorado Year round Outdoor Guide. Golden, CO: The Colorado mountain Club Press. Redmond, K., Foran, A., Dwyer, S. (2010). Quality Lesson Plans for Outdoor Education . Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Stellin, S. (2006). How to travel practically anywhere. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. Walker, M., Seidler, T. (19993). Sports Equipment Management. London: Jones Bartlett Publishers International. Yellowstonepark. Interactive map. (2011). Retrieved from yellowstonepark.com/maps-itineraries/interactive-map/ Appendix Appendix A: Sample Map of Yellow Stone Park (Yellowstonepark, 2011). Appendix B: Research and Supplemental Information on China (cyborlink, 2012). Appendix C: Sample itinerary (Breckenridge n.d.) Appendix D: Sample Weather Information (Dickson Gray, 2012). Appendix E: Sample Financial Risk evaluation (Harrison, 2012). Appendix F: Sample Emergency Action Plan

Biography of Norma McCorvey, Roe in Roe v. Wade

Biography of Norma McCorvey, 'Roe' in Roe v. Wade Norma McCorvey (September 22, 1947–February 18, 2017) was a young pregnant woman in Texas in 1970 without the means or funds to have an abortion. She became the plaintiff known as Jane Roe in Roe v. Wade, which was decided in 1973 and became one of the most famous Supreme Court decisions of the 20th century. McCorveys identity was hidden for another decade but, during the 1980s, the public learned about the plaintiff whose lawsuit struck down most abortion laws in the United States. In 1995, McCorvey made news again when she declared she had changed to a pro-life stance, with newfound Christian beliefs. Fast Facts: Norma McCorvey Known For: She was Roe in the famous Supreme Court abortion case Roe. v. Wade.Also Known As: Norma Leah Nelson, Jane RoeBorn: Sept. 22, 1947 in Simmesport, LouisianaParents: Mary and Olin NelsonDied: Feb. 18, 2017 in Katy, TexasPublished Works: I Am Roe (1994), Won by Love (1997)Spouse: Elwood McCorvey (m.  1963–1965)Children: Melissa (Nothing is publicly known of the two children McCorvey gave up for adoption.)Notable Quote: â€Å"I wasn’t the wrong person to become Jane Roe. I wasn’t the right person to become Jane Roe. I was just the person who became Jane Roe, of Roe v. Wade. And my life story, warts and all, was a little piece of history.† Early Years McCorvey was born on Sept. 22, 1947, as Norma Nelson to Mary and Olin Nelson. McCorvey ran away from home at one point and, after returning, was sent to reform school. After the family moved to Houston, her parents divorced when she was 13. McCorvey suffered abuse, met and married Elwood McCorvey at age 16, and left Texas for California. When she returned, pregnant and frightened, her mother took her baby to raise. McCorveys second child was raised by the father of the baby with no contact from her. McCorvey initially said that her third pregnancy, the one in question at the time of Roe v. Wade, was the result of rape, but years later she said she had invented the rape story in an attempt to make a stronger case for an abortion. The rape story was of little consequence to her lawyers because they wanted to establish a right to abortion for all women, not just those who had been raped. Roe v. Wade Roe v. Wade was filed in Texas in March 1970 on behalf of the named plaintiff and all women similarly situated, typical wording for a class-action lawsuit. Jane Roe was the lead plaintiff of the class. Because of the time it took for the case to make its way through the courts, the decision did not come in time for McCorvey to have an abortion. She gave birth to her child, whom she put up for adoption. Sarah Weddington and Linda Coffee were the Roe v. Wade plaintiffs lawyers. They were looking for a woman who wanted an abortion but did not have the means to obtain one. An adoption attorney introduced the lawyers to McCorvey. They needed a plaintiff who would remain pregnant without traveling to another state or country where abortion was legal because they feared that if their plaintiff obtained an abortion outside of Texas, her case could be rendered moot and dropped. At various times, McCorvey has clarified that she did not consider herself an unwilling participant in the Roe v. Wade lawsuit. However, she felt that feminist activists treated her with disdain because she was a poor, blue-collar, drug-abusing woman instead of a polished, educated feminist. Activist Work After McCorvey revealed that she was Jane Roe, she encountered harassment and violence. People in Texas yelled at her in grocery stores and shot at her house. She aligned herself with the pro-choice movement, even speaking at the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C., She worked at several clinics where abortions were provided. In 1994, she wrote a book, with a ghostwriter, called I am Roe: My Life, Roe v. Wade, and Freedom of Choice. The Conversion In 1995, McCorvey was working at a clinic in Dallas when Operation Rescue moved in next door. She allegedly struck up a friendship over cigarettes with Operation Rescue preacher Philip Flip Benham. McCorvey said that Benham talked to her regularly and was kind to her. She became friends with him, attended church, and was baptized. She surprised the world by appearing on national television to say that she now believed abortion was wrong. McCorvey had been in a lesbian relationship for years, but she eventually denounced lesbianism as well after her conversion to Christianity. Within a few years of her first book, McCorvey wrote a second book, Won by Love: Norma McCorvey, Jane Roe of Roe v. Wade, Speaks Out for the Unborn as She Shares Her New Conviction for Life. Later Years and Death In her later years, McCorvey was nearly homeless, relying on â€Å"free room and board from strangers, says Joshua Prager, who wrote an extensive story about her published in Vanity Fair in February 2013. McCorvey eventually ended up in an assisted-living facility in Katy, Texas, where she died of heart failure on Feb. 17, 2017, at age 69, according to Prager, who was working on a book about her at the time of her death. Legacy Since the Roe v. Wade ruling, about 50 million legal abortions have been performed in the United States, although later court decisions and new state and federal laws have imposed restrictions, and abortions have declined with the wide use of contraceptives, according to McCorveys obituary published in The New York Times. Many of those who oppose abortions have called the Roe v. Wade lawyers immoral, saying that they took advantage of McCorvey. In fact, if she had not been Roe, someone else would likely have been the plaintiff. Feminists across the nation were working for abortion rights at the time. Perhaps something McCorvey herself said in a 1989 New York Times article best sums up her legacy: More and more, Im the issue. I dont know if I should be the issue. Abortion is the issue. I never even had an abortion. Sources Hersher, Rebecca. â€Å"Norma McCorvey Of Roe v. Wade Embodied The Complexity Of American Abortion Debate.†Ã‚  NPR, 18 Feb. 2017.Langer, Emily. â€Å"Norma McCorvey, Jane Roe of Roe v. Wade Decision Legalizing Abortion Nationwide, Dies at 69.†Ã‚  The Washington Post, 18 Feb. 2017.McFadden, Robert. â€Å"Norma McCorvey, Roe in Roe v. Wade, Is Dead at 69.†Ã‚  The New York Times, 18 Feb. 2017Prager, Joshua. â€Å"Tracing the Life of Norma McCorvey, ‘Jane Roe’ of Roe v. Wade, and Why Shed Favor an Abortion Ban.†Ã‚  The Hive, Vanity Fair, 30 Jan. 2015.

Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 21

Response - Essay Example On the backs of the working poor Americas CEOs are raping the world economy. And on the other side, the military industrial complex is draining the blood and treasure from Americas economy. Why is it that Corporate keptocrats from Wall Street are able to keep their obscene bonuses, when ordinary hard working people are losing their homes because American businesses refuse to pay them a living wage. Repeatedly the subjects of the documentary were asked if they felt like failures. I should like to emphatically assure them that it is America that has failed them† (Moyers). This documentary depicts the true American face. The picture of successful and flourishing America that government uses to portray in front of the world is simply a disguise. Not only the migrants suffer from the inappropriate economic infrastructure of the country, but the local citizens of America also suffer from the same deprivation. The documentary clearly shows that both families were dedicated, hardworking and legally following government rules, but still they failed to make it in the end. The flaw was not with their efforts but the monetary infrastructure, economic downturn and government policies that are making rich richer and the poor poorer. As the commentator states, the world economy is completely occupied by America and the entire focus of American fiscal strategies is to spend on military ventures which result in shedding blood and wasting millions of lives. Thus, the American government policies and infrastructure is not intended to bring betterment in the lives of citizens, but only to enhance its power and authority. but we cant continue with the fiction that this is enough. We need to teach young people to 1) stay in school, 2) actually learn something, and 3) know something about financial literacy early in their lives. I wish Bill Moyers had just said this somewhere in this documentary. Only one of the children from these two families,

Wooly nightshade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Wooly nightshade - Essay Example This report looks at the woolly nightshade, its characteristics and its prevalence in New Zealand, as well as ways of controlling it through the introduction of lace bugs. Furthermore, the lace bug is described and the characteristics, which make it the best option for biologically controlling and eventually eradicating the woolly nightshade, are discussed. Moreover, the application process to have lace bugs imported and released into the New Zealand ecosystem are described in some detail as well as the decision to have them imported and released. Finally, the consequences of the release of these bugs into the environment are discussed and their impact on the eradication of the woolly nightshade is analysed. Pests are not only tiny animals such as insects but also plants that grow naturally wherever the conditions are favourable, and that harm or hinder the growth of other plants in the surrounding environment. Woolly nightshade, or Solanum mauritianum, is an example of a pest plant; it is also known as the kerosene plant, tobacco weed, or the flannel weed. It originated from Brazil and Uruguay, and was brought to New Zealand as a garden plant in 1883 after which it was soon noted growing wild near Auckland. It has various distinctive features that set it apart from other plants, as it has five purple petal flowers that grow at the end of the branches, large oval-shaped leaves that are grey and green in colour. In addition, it produces a strong kerosene smell whenever the leaves are crushed and has the ability to flower throughout the year, producing berries during late spring and summer – they are first green and then turn to yellow when ripe (Ramel, 2012). Because of its fast g rowth, the woolly nightshade usually tends to grow taller than most plants in its surroundings (up to 30 metres tall) to become the dominant plant, so it can cover a very vast region within a relatively short period. This pest plant is common in northern New Zealand in the regions of

The factors affecting the resistance of a metalic conductor Essay Example for Free

The factors affecting the resistance of a metalic conductor Essay I1 12 As I have found from my experiments, the results I obtained show that the factors I predicted of affecting the resistance of a wire have proved true. Firstly, the factor of length increasing and resulting in an increase of resistance of the wire held true, because, as I varied the lengths of the wire form 50cm to 200cm the resistance increased from approximately 5 to 20. Secondly, the factor of the cross sectional area increasing and resulting in a decrease of the resistance of the wire also held true, because as I varied the cross sectional areas of the wire from 0. 4mm to 0. 91 mm, the resistance went from approximately 5. 4 to 0. 9. The above-mentioned results occur due to the fact of how many free electrons are being conducted through the wires of different lengths and areas.   In the case of length; the resistance increases as the length increases because a wire with a shorter distance will have a smaller amount of atoms for the free electrons to hit. Whereas a wire with a longer distance will have more atoms for the electrons to hit and the resistance gradually increases as a result.   In the case of the cross-sectional area; a wire with a greater area allows more electrons to flow through it as well as having more channels for the electrons to flow through it. As a result the resistance decreases, because current can flow without any restrictions. Whereas a wire with a smaller area all a smaller number of electrons to flow through it resulting in diminished flow of current through the wire. Thus the resistance increases because the current is flowing with restrictions. From the graphs on the following pages, I have illustrated my results obtained from my experiments and done so with the relationship between the current [I] and the voltage [V]. As predicted earlier, the graphs explain how, as the length of the wire increases, the resistance also increases, as shown in the graph I. As well as explaining how, as the cross sectional area of the wire increases, the resistance decreases, as seen in graph II. I have also plotted a graph to the effect on the resistance of the wire when a specific type of circuit is being used. A series circuit effect is seen in graph III and a parallel circuit effect is seen in graph IV. GRAPH I:   Length as a factor affecting the resistance of a wire: From the graph, we can see that the shorter the wire, the steeper the slope. Each line represents the wires I used that were of lengths ranging from 50cm to 200cm. The 50cm wire line has the steepest slope, thus we say it has the lowest resistance, while the 200cm wire has the least steep slope and we say it has the highest resistance. However to verify this fact I calculated R from the graph and found: For the length of the wire: 50 cm GradientÃ'Ž Therefore; R =1/0. 05 = 20 Below is my observation table that compares the value of R from my tabular calculations and the value of R from my graphical results: Length [cm] Calculated value of R [] Graphical value of R [] R/L [] 50 5. 06 5 100 9. 83 10 150 14. 63 13 200 19. 87 20 This graph shows, that the length of the wire is directly proportional to the resistance. GRAPH II: * Cross sectional area as a factor affecting resistance of a wire: From the graph, we can see that the thicker the wire the steeper the slope. Each slope represents the various thickness of wires I used ranging from 0.4mm to 0. 91mm. The 0. 4mm wire has the least steep slope, and we say that it has highest resistance, whereas the 0. 91mm wire line has the steepest slope and thus we say it has the lowest resistance. However I must verify these facts form my graph and calculate the value of R from the graph. Therefore; R = 1/0. 54 = 1. 8 0. 91mm Gradient = 1. 03 0. 81/ 1. 0 0. 8 = 0. 22/0. 2 = 1. 1 Therefore; R = 1/1. 1 = 0. 9 Below is my observation table that compares the value of R from my tabular calculations and the value of R from my graphical results: Area [m ] Calculated value of R [] Graphical value of R [] R x A [] 0. 12 5. 49 4. 8 0. 25 2. 86 3 0. 39 1. 62 1. 8 0. 65 0. 97 0. 9 This graph shows that the cross sectional area of the wire is inversely proportional to the resistance of the wire. GRAPH III: * A series circuit as a factor affecting the resistance of a wire: From the graph, we can see that when we use a wire of length 50cm, and pass current through it, via a series circuit the resistance is slightly less, than when we pass current through two wires of lengths 20cm and 30 cm and connect them with a series connection then the resistance is slightly higher. This is because were doubling the length of the resistor, thus we say that the resistance increases with the total length of the resistors. To verify my findings   Below is my observation table that compares the value of R from my tabular calculations and the value of R from my graphical results: Length [cm] Calculated value of R [] Graphical value of R [] 2030 6. 04 6. 8 50 5. 06 6. 2 GRAPH IV:   A parallel circuit as a factor affecting the resistance of a wire: From the graph, we can see that when we use a wire with a smaller cross sectional area and pass current through it via a parallel circuit, the resistance is slightly higher than when using a normal circuit. This is because placing resistors in parallel is equivalent to increasing the cross-sectional area A through which current can flow. In my graph I have used a wire of thickness 0. 4mm and passed current through it using a parallel circuit, and the resistance is lower. The resistance for the 0. 56mm wire when passing current through it using a normal circuit is higher. However to verify my findings, I calculated the value of R from my graph and found: 0. 4mm Gradient =Therefore; 35 Therefore; R =1/0. 35 = 2. 8 Below is my observation table that compares the value of R from my tabular calculations and the value of R from my graphical results: Area [m ] Calculated value of R [] Graphical value of R [] 0. 12 2. 62 3. 33 0. 25 2. 86 2. 8 MATHEMATICAL DEDUCTIONS TO FURTHER PROVE MY RESULTS: Consider a wire of length l Where; A = cross -sectional area / number density of electrons n = electron density =number of free electrons per unit volume If voltage V, is applied to the wire, the electrons will drift to the positive terminal with a velocity, v. Volume of the wire = AlÃ'Ž Number of free electrons in conductor = n x A x l = nAl Total charge that is free to move = n x A x l x e =nAle Current = charge/time = Q/t Time required for all electrons to emerge out of the end of the conductor = l/v Therefore; I = Q/t = nAle/l/v = nAve Drift velocity (from battery cell) is the EMF, Therefore; Force = mass x acceleration (force to move current) Acceleration = velocity/time L = m x v / t Work is done by voltage in moving electrons i. e. acceleration: Work done = Force x Distance Distance = l Therefore; work done/electronic charge = w/e Work done per unit charge = V = w/e = lÃ'Ž Therefore; V = l x m x v/et R = V/I therefore; V = l x m x v/et = l x m x et I = nAve nAe From my analysis I can conclude that as the length of a wire increases, so does the resistance. This is because there is a larger amount of wire to travel up and therefore there will be more factors to increase resistance I can now sat that I believe my experiments were quite accurate as I performed them fairly and properly, this is demonstrated in the good results I have obtained. My measurements were accurate enough as I used digital ammeters and voltmeters, making them more reliable. In doing so I also avoided the possibility of parallax errors as well as zero errors. Were my results accurate to draw a conclusion? I was able to draw a valid conclusion for the measurements of current and voltage, as they were more or less what I expected to attain. I managed to prove that resistance is proportional to length as length increases, the resistance of the wire increases and that resistance is inversely proportional to the cross sectional area as cross sectional area increases, the resistance of the wire decreases. As well as that, for 2 wires connected via a series circuit combination, the resistance pattern will be the same as that when length of a wire is varied. Whereas for 2 wires connected via a parallel circuit combination, the resistance pattern will be the same as that for when area of the wire is varied. My results did not agree fully with my heat theory as they showed slight variations, such as a 14. 63 result instead of a result close to 13 for a wire of length 150cm. And a 19. 87 result instead of a result close to 18 for a wire of length 200cm. These were my anomalous results. This was probably due to the temperature variation of the wire. However these anomalous results were not big enough to change my final reading. I believe my results allowed me to cover a wide range of factors affecting the resistance of a wire, because I took a total of 4 lengths and eight readings for each length, giving me enough to analyse. I performed the experiment once, but I did take the reading of the current twice. Once in an ascending order, then in a descending order, thus I had two sets of results, which improved my accuracy. I also did a fair test because I followed the precaution of using the same equipment each time the experiment had to be carried out. Thus I can regard my results as being reliable values, as when compared to actual values, such as getting a 5 resistance for the 50cm wire as compared to supposedly having to get a 4. 5 resistance, or a 9. 83 resistance for a 100cm wire as compared to having to obtain a 9 resistance. I dont have any outstanding anomalous values that showed up on my graphs, only a few points did not quite fit on my line of best fit, which were quite close to it anyway. As I mentioned earlier these could have been caused by the heating effect of the equipment which resulted in slight variations of my readings. OTHER EXPERIMENTS TO MEASURE A CURRENT VOLTAGE RELATIONSHIP: Testing a silicon diode: I could connect a battery, a lamp, and a diode in series. Then connect the narrow end of the diode nearest to the negative terminal of the battery. Using an analog VOM type meter, I would set the meter to one of the lower ohms scales, say 0-2K, and measure the resistance of the diode both ways. If I get zero both ways, the diode is shorted. If I get INFINITY both ways, the diode is open. If I get INFINITY one way but some reading the other way (the value is not important) then the diode is good and I can measure the current and the voltage. As the graph shows, almost no current flows if the voltage applied is in the reverse direction. Testing the transistor: Testing a unijunction transistor (UJT) is a relatively easy task if you view the UJT as being a diode connected to the junction of two resistors, as shown in figure 4-21. With an ohmmeter, measure the resistance between base 1 and base 2; then reverse the ohmmeter leads and take another reading. Both readings should show the same high resistance regardless of the meter lead polarity. Connect the ohmmeters negative lead to the UJTs emitter. Using the positive lead, measure the resistance from the emitter to base 1, and then from the emitter to base 2. Both readings should indicate high resistances approximately equal to each other. Disconnect the negative lead from the emitter and connect the positive lead to it. Using the negative lead, measure the resistance from the emitter to base. From my mathematical deductions (to further prove my investigation) in my analysis section I calculated the value for resistivity for a nichrome wire and compared the calculated value with the actual standard value of rho. That is; LENGTH [cm] R from my experimental results R from my graphical results. REA [m] R from my experimental results [] R from my graphical results therefore; Material Length [m] Area [m ] Resistance [] Calculated [m] Standard [m] NichromeNichrome Nichrome NichromeÃ'Ž Thus we see that my results were not so different from the actual standard value of resistivity, and this is mainly because of the temperature variations that occurred during my experiment. This evidence does support a firm conclusion that if someone was to repeat the same investigation I would expect the to receive the same results. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism section.

Is Achilles right when, in the Iliad XVIII and subsequently, he Essay

Is Achilles right when, in the Iliad XVIII and subsequently, he bitterly blames himself for the death of Patroklos? The main theme of the poem, which is declared at the very beginning is the ‘wrath’ of Achilles. From this we are taken on a journey of human and divine responses. This central theme empowers a magnificently ‘articulated composition out of confusion of battle’.[1] Events that take place during this journey allow Homer to display and develop, within the social framework of heroic honour, the ideas of conflict, isolation, and reconciliation. Within this essay I will try to address one such consequence, the death of Patroklos, and see who, what or why this death occurred. Several factors need to be addressed in doing this, divine and human intervention and re-evaluations of positions. The question of influence from the ‘divine machinery’ is a very interesting one, it could be argued that they are there to dramatise a view of the human condition in which man is a prey to conflicting amoral forces. The ‘will of Zeus’ was not the catalyst that brought about the downfall of Patroklos, the request from Achilles came prior to this. The poem from that request unfolds to provide a balanced, symmetrical prose, one that provides necessary casualties along the way. It is with certainty though that their ‘influence’ is felt and witnessed throughout this journey, one that Albin Lesky raises with much success. He suggests that that divine and human causation is felt throughout, ‘a warrior feeling an irresistible courage’, this courage is explained away with the gods. What Lesky then goes onto say is that the human and divine work along side each other, one strengthens the other and that ‘the whole world is full of their influence’. A great warrior could attribute his ‘gift’ to the gods, and when his greatness escapes him ‘they’ are to blame. But this does not clear man of his responsibility, what he does with these divine gifts are solely down to him. This brings me back to the question of who was to blame? It could be suggested that Apollo had a hand in this down fall, he is responsible in setting actions in motion (1.43-52) and then again (24.33-54). But again it can be said that this too was a reaction to earlier requests. What it does show however is the balance which Homer provides throughout the poem. Apollo’s ... ...eresting one, not until book twenty four does Achilles finally eat and when he does, with Priam it symbolises his outwardly change, ‘he is urging a mutual activity, a token of common humanity’[4] The conversation between Achilles and Priam is one of understanding and remorse. In Achilles’ treatment of Priam there is real magnanimity, his anger cools and he looks beyond it to a serene and steady acknowledgment that man can do no more than bear the random fusion of good and bad, and with food, eating means living, and even grief must yield to necessity. Amid the human hope and in the knowledge of imminent death, Achilles for the first time sees life steadily and sees it whole. Together the divine and human influence reveal in the poem a linear impetus that supplement the equilibrium and the symmetry. The result is a twofold construction that is together cruel and cordial, but work beautifully in taking us to a roller-coaster conclusion. --------------------------------------------------------------------- [1] Lesky, Divine and Human Causation in Homeric Epic [2] Taplin, Homeric Soundings [3] Rutherford, Homer (1996) [4] Taplin, Homeric Soundings (1992)

The Holistic Medicines

In a lot of conditions, medical cures and treatments have proven more harmful than the disease itself. In looking for other options, people all over the world have been turning back to the holistic way of health and healing. Holistic medicine is the art and science of healing the whole person, or in holistic terms, the mind body and spirit. The practice of holistic medicine integrates conventional and alternative therapies to prevent and treat diseases and promote optimal health. This condition of holistic health is defined as the ultimate free flow of life energy force throughout the mind, body, and spirit. As I mentioned before, three parts make up the whole person. Based on a common law of nature, whole parts are made up of independent parts. The body, which is treated and cared for through nutritional medicine, fitness medicine, and environmental medicine. The mind (mental and emotional health) which is basically behavioral medicine. The spirit is treated with spiritual attunement and social health. When one of these three parts isn†t functioning correctly or is impaired for some reason, the other parts of the person are affected. For example, a person growing nervous or anxious about an upcoming exam can literally give themselves a headache or stomachache. Even Socrates, one of the greatest philosophers in history of time said in order for the whole of a person to be well, the individual parts must be well also. This can be achieved by many things. For example, acupuncture is used to identify and treat disease and improve well being. During acupuncture, needles are inserted into the meridian points of the body. Sickness occurs when the flow of blood or â€Å"chi† is blocked at these points. The pressure applied to these points relieves blockage and buildup thus leaving the patient feeling better. Acupuncture can treat anything from allergies, headaches, sinus infections, stress, insomnia and chronic pain. For those people who don†t enjoy needles or wont tolerate needles at all there is colorpuncture. Colorpuncture is basically acupuncture without needles. Meditation is another accepted form of holistic health. Meditation is using different methods of relaxation to calm yourself and make you healthier inside. Candles, salves, oils and incense are all commonly used during meditation. Meditation is an accepted form of recovery and health promotion in the medical field. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing is yet another form of holistic healing. This helps remove conflict and stress from your life and promote success and happiness. Reflexing and resetting is the vibrating and stimulation of the body†s reflexes. It is most commonly done through the feet and can help with sleep disorders. Biofeedback is recognizing and manipulating the body†s signals. It helps to treat migraines, panic attacks, anxiety, hypertension, and A.D.D. Some of the most common methods of holistic healing are resurfacing just about everywhere. Aromatherapy is therapy using scents to relax the mind, body, and soul. There is a line of products in Wal-Mart now called â€Å"aromatherapy† and even well known companies such as Delia†s manufacture aromatherapy pillows. Chiropractors are a readily accepted form of holistic treatment. Chiropractors manipulate the body†s muscles and bones to relieve pain and stress. Massage and is a big part of holistic life. There are deep tissue massages, Swedish massages etc†¦ All of which help muscular posture, balance, stress reduction, increase of circulation and energy flow. Nutrtiion is also an important part in a holistic lifestyle. Health food stores such as GNC are popping up everywhere. With nutritionists come herbalists who also deal with weight management and vitamins. There is holistic dentistry which is generally mercury free and has less exposure to x-ray†s and harmful chemicals. There is even Holistic Veterinary care which treats pets in the same way as humans. Pets said to be lost cases are sometimes revived by this form of veterinary care. Anything from arthritis, skin infections, and allergies can be cured. Feng Shui is not as common in the US yet. It is Chinese consultancy in arrangement of objects in the home or office to achieve harmony. It is said your outer world is a mirror of your inner world. Lots of water fountains are used. Spiritual Psychics, Astrologists, Child Birth, Tai Chi, Yoga, even health and beauty are all reviving to holistic methods. These different treatments all fall under the six specialized areas of holistic healing 1. Bimolecular Diagnosis and Therapy Basically a holistic lifestyle is trying to unite your body with gravity and your heart with your mind. Once all your parts are in harmony, for example the ying and yang, you can achieve perfect health. In my opinion the holistic way of life is a very interesting way of life that really intrigues me. I would like to acquire the skills and self-control some of these methods call for. Some methods really don†t appeal to me, for example acupuncture, but other methods such as meditation, aromatherapy, reflexology, and feng shui, are all valid forms of the holistic way of life that would definitely be of interest to me. Although some people think that this way of life is crazy etc, I think it is helpful and important in every day life. Just about everyone can practice this lifestyle in the easiest of ways. Although many people do not believe in the holistic way of life, even more people are firm followers of these concepts and it is sure to be an evergrowing idea that lasts for generations to come.

Mazda Case, Advertisment And Promotion

1. Analyze the role of integrated marketing communications in the marketing of automobiles such as the Mazda Protà ©gà © and MAZDA6. How is each IMC element used to market automobiles? The role of integrated marketing communications in the marketing of automobiles such as the Mazda Protà ©gà © and MAZDA6 had a major impact of Mazda as a company. For each car (model), they made an exhaustive market research, they studied what were the best channels to deliver a message and what was the market looking for.Establishing market objectives that Mazda wanted was to increase their sales by repositioning the Protà ©gà © model and the brand as a whole, giving it a new younger look. Mazda targeted people around 20-30, who wanted something hip, fun and new but at the same time reliable and affordable. When they launch the Mazda6 the campaign targeted a different market because it was a new model. They wanted people that were different from the other car models that they had in the market, a person that was looking for luxury and comfort.The Integrated Marketing Communications plan for the protà ©gà © tried to position it as a car for the youth, playful and hip, something different for the market, the other brands were not considering the needs of young women. Mazda tried to market the Mazda6 as a refined, sporty car, for a more mature audience who were looking for luxury. The marketing mix was strategy, which promoted the car in all the channels the target market most likely visit.Evaluation of the campaign: after proving the campaign of the protà ©gà © they made some adjustments to the IMC plan, developing a stronger campaign and finding in the way the motto of the whole brand, Zoom-Zoom. 2. Evaluate Mazda’s decision to drop the â€Å"Get in. Be Moved’ tagline for the Protà ©gà © and adopt the ‘Zoom-Zoom† theme for its advertising. Mazda’s decision to drop the â€Å"Get In. Be Moved’ tagline for the Protegà © and adop t the â€Å"Zoom-Zoom† theme for its advertising was a great idea. It made it easier to identify with the brand. Customers could not identify with the â€Å"Get In.Be Moved† when Mazda rolled out with the â€Å"Zoom-Zoom† them. They could not use both ads because it was sending two different messages to their customers. When Mazda first came out with the â€Å"Zoom-Zoom† ad it was just for one car model. We think it was a great idea that they made it unison across the line for all their car brands. Once someone here the â€Å"Zoom-Zoom† they could identify with the brand. 3. Evaluate the strategy Mazda is using to advertise the new MAZDA6 sports sedan. Do you agree with the decision to use a more mature and less playful approach for the MAZDA6?MAZDA6 was thought as one of the most important launches in Mazda’s history. It competes the mid-size segment of automobile market where most cars sell for around $25,000. MAZDA6’s target custom er in this segment is a mid-30s car enthusiast, although not to the extreme, who lives an active lifestyle. The advertising strategy used by Mazda Company should focus on those target customers. From the positive side, the advertising strategy for the MAZDA6 is that it departed from the approach used for the Protà ©gà ©, as it involved what the company describes as a â€Å"more mature† effort.The strategy used by Mazda for the MAZDA6 utilized a heavily integrated communications program. Print advertising accounted for 12 percent of the overall budget with ads being run in â€Å"enthusiast† magazines as well as in lifestyle magazines and newspapers. However, from the negative side, the advertising strategy for the MAZDA6 is that the advertising failed to highlight the difference between MAZDA6 and the sedans under other brand such as Honda. Customers may have knowledge about the MAZDA6 are less mature than the Protà ©gà ©.From their advertising, it will let customer s feel unsure about both the Protà ©gà © and MAZDA6, if the â€Å"Zoom-Zoom† line showed up in the campaigns. Also, the advertising has broadly printed. The advertising is not precise enough on MAZDA6’s target customers, if the advertising was used on ESPN. The target customer of ESPN may conflict with the decision to use a more mature and less playful approach for the MAZDA6. In all, the strategy Mazda is using to advertise the new MAZDA6 sports sedan was unable to fully satisfy with its mission. I do not agree with the decision to use a more mature and less playful approach for the MAZDA6.First of all, the new MAZDA6 is sports sedan. Both MAZDA6 and Protà ©gà © are highly similar to each other in performance. Meanwhile, compared with MAZDA6’s competitors, the decision to use a more mature and less playful approach for the MAZDA6 is almost the same to others. The MAZDA6 is difficult to be recognized by customers. Also, the MAZDA6’s target customers a re the mid-30s. This mid-30s generally consists of mature and playful. If the decision is about using a more mature and less playful approach for the MAZDA6, its target customers  may be mid-40s instead of mid-30s.Therefore, I do not agree with the current decision to use a more mature and less playful approach for the MAZDA6. 4. What recommendations would you make to Mazda regarding its integrated marketing communications strategy as the company moves forward? If I had to give some recommendations at Mazda’s people about the marketing communication strategy they need to follow, I could given to them the below suggestions: Mazda needs to be focused individual to everyone target group that they want to be addressed.Every car is not for everyone, so they need to use different ways to attract different group of people. Mazda need to separate the marketing plans, depending the average wage of the consumers, the age, the sex, the lifestyle, and the country that they want to sell a model or the season. Mazda needs to be part of the people’s life. The only way to achieve that is to try hard to promote its product as much they can with no stop for long time. Mazda’s people need to use the TV commercial and the ads to play in the screen hours that the consumers are home and can watch them.They need to use social media via Internet and â€Å"share† their products online. In our days the majority of the people, it doesn’t matter the age use the Internet and they affected from that. Also, they can use blogs online to express new ideas about their models or to ask about people opinion. Furthermore, Mazda can inform the old customers or people who haven’t tried yet the experience of this brand with newsletters at their homes, about news from the car market and specific for the Mazda Company.To continue with, Mazda can try to â€Å"invite† people who used in the past Mazda or new customers for seminars and talk to them about new models and new technology. Also, they can give them the chance for test drive in new cars with no any cost. The secret of the successful marketing communication strategy is the motivation and the trust that you can transfer to the consumers inside your promotion and your advertisement. That is not easy and takes time and need a lot of patient from Mazda to achieve this goal. Mazda Case, Advertisment And Promotion Analyze the role of integrated marketing communications in the marketing of automobiles such as the Mazda Protege and MAZDA6. How is each IMC element used to market automobiles? The role of integrated marketing communications in the marketing of automobiles such as the Mazda Protege and MAZDA6 had a major impact of Mazda as a company. For each car (model), they made an exhaustive market research, they studied what were the best channels to deliver a message and what was the market looking for.Establishing market objectives that Mazda wanted was to increase their sales by repositioning the Protege model and the brand as a whole, giving it a new younger look. Mazda targeted people around 20-30, who wanted something hip, fun and new but at the same time reliable and affordable. When they launch the Mazda6 the campaign targeted a different market because it was a new model. They wanted people that were different from the other car models that they had in the market, a person that was loo king for luxury and comfort.The Integrated Marketing Communications plan for the protege tried to position it as a car for the youth, playful and hip, something different for the market, the other brands were not considering the needs of young women. Mazda tried to market the Mazda6 as a refined, sporty car, for a more mature audience who were looking for luxury. The marketing mix was strategy, which promoted the car in all the channels the target market most likely visit.Evaluation of the campaign: after proving the campaign of the protege they made some adjustments to the IMC plan, developing a stronger campaign and finding in the way the motto of the whole brand, Zoom-Zoom. 2. Evaluate Mazda’s decision to drop the â€Å"Get in. Be Moved’ tagline for the Protege and adopt the ‘Zoom-Zoom† theme for its advertising. Mazda’s decision to drop the â€Å"Get In. Be Moved’ tagline for the Protege and adopt the â€Å"Zoom-Zoom† theme for it s advertising was a great idea. It made it easier to identify with the brand.Customers could not identify with the â€Å"Get In.  Be Moved† when Mazda rolled out with the â€Å"Zoom-Zoom† them. They could not use both ads because it was sending two different messages to their customers. When Mazda first came out with the â€Å"Zoom-Zoom† ad it was just for one car model. We think it was a great idea that they made it unison across the line for all their car brands. Once someone here the â€Å"Zoom-Zoom† they could identify with the brand. 3. Evaluate the strategy Mazda is using to advertise the new MAZDA6 sports sedan. Do you agree with the decision to use a more mature and less playful approach for the MAZDA6MAZDA6 was thought as one of the most important launches in Mazda’s history. It competes the mid-size segment of automobile market where most cars sell for around $25,000. MAZDA6’s target customer in this segment is a mid-30s car enth usiast, although not to the extreme, who lives an active lifestyle. The advertising strategy used by Mazda Company should focus on those target customers. From the positive side, the advertising strategy for the MAZDA6 is that it departed from the approach used for the Protege, as it involved what the company describes as a â€Å"more mature† effort.The strategy used by Mazda for the MAZDA6 utilized a heavily integrated communications program. Print advertising accounted for 12 percent of the overall budget with ads being run in â€Å"enthusiast† magazines as well as in lifestyle magazines and newspapers. However, from the negative side, the advertising strategy for the MAZDA6 is that the advertising failed to highlight the difference between MAZDA6 and the sedans under other brand such as Honda. Customers may have knowledge about the MAZDA6 are less mature than the Protege.From their advertising, it will let customers feel unsure about both the Protege and MAZDA6, if the â€Å"Zoom-Zoom† line showed up in the campaigns. Also, the advertising has broadly printed. The advertising is not precise enough on MAZDA6’s target customers, if the advertising was used on ESPN. The target customer of ESPN may conflict with the decision to use a more mature and less playful approach for the MAZDA6. In all, the strategy Mazda is using to advertise the new MAZDA6 sports sedan was unable to fully satisfy with its mission. I do not agree with the decision to use a more mature and less playful approach for the MAZDA6.First of all, the new MAZDA6 is sports sedan. Both MAZDA6 and Protege are highly similar to each other in performance. Meanwhile, compared with MAZDA6’s competitors, the decision to use a more mature and less playful approach for the MAZDA6 is almost the same to others. The MAZDA6 is difficult to be recognized by customers. Also, the MAZDA6’s target customers are the mid-30s. This mid-30s generally consists of mature and pl ayful.If the decision is about using a more mature and less playful approach for the MAZDA6, its target customers  may be mid-40s instead of mid-30s. Therefore, I do not agree with the current decision to use a more mature and less playful approach for the MAZDA6. 4. What recommendations would you make to Mazda regarding its integrated marketing communications strategy as the company moves forward? If I had to give some recommendations at Mazda’s people about the marketing communication strategy they need to follow, I could given to them the below suggestions: Mazda needs to be focused individual to everyone target group that they want to be addressed.Every car is not for everyone, so they need to use different ways to attract different group of people. Mazda need to separate the marketing plans, depending the average wage of the consumers, the age, the sex, the lifestyle, and the country that they want to sell a model or the season. Mazda needs to be part of the peopleâ₠¬â„¢s life. The only way to achieve that is to try hard to promote its product as much they can with no stop for long time. Mazda’s people need to use the TV commercial and the ads to play in the screen hours that the consumers are home and can watch them.They need to use social media via Internet and â€Å"share† their products online. In our days the majority of the people, it doesn’t matter the age use the Internet and they affected from that. Also, they can use blogs online to express new ideas about their models or to ask about people opinion. Furthermore, Mazda can inform the old customers or people who haven’t tried yet the experience of this brand with newsletters at their homes, about news from the car market and specific for the Mazda Company.To continue with, Mazda can try to â€Å"invite† people who used in the past Mazda or new customers for seminars and talk to them about new models and new technology. Also, they can give them the cha nce for test drive in new cars with no any cost. The secret of the successful marketing communication strategy is the motivation and the trust that you can transfer to the consumers inside your promotion and your advertisement. That is not easy and takes time and need a lot of patient from Mazda to achieve this goal.